STRUCTURAL PARALLELS AND DIVERGENCES: A CROSS-LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF MORPHOSYNTACTIC SYSTEMS

Abstract

The article “Structural Parallels and Divergences: A Cross-Linguistic Analysis of Morphosyntactic Systems” investigates the similarities and differences that emerge when comparing the morphosyntactic organization of languages from distinct genetic and typological backgrounds. The study focuses on core aspects such as word order, agreement, case marking, tense–aspect–mood categories, and clause structure, highlighting both universal tendencies and language-specific innovations. Drawing on data from Indo-European, Turkic, and Semitic languages, the research provides a balanced analysis of convergent patterns shaped by linguistic universals and divergent structures determined by cultural and historical contexts. Particular emphasis is placed on the interplay between morphology and syntax, illustrating how grammatical categories are encoded differently across languages while still serving comparable communicative functions. The article also addresses the implications of these cross-linguistic findings for language acquisition, translation, and linguistic typology. By identifying structural parallels, the study sheds light on shared cognitive principles underlying human language, while divergences reveal the creative diversity of linguistic systems and their adaptability to social and cultural environments. Ultimately, the paper argues that a comparative morphosyntactic approach not only enhances our understanding of language structure but also contributes to broader inquiries into the relationship between cognition, communication, and culture.