GETEROTSIKLIK BIRIKMALARNING KELAJAKDAGI KO'ZDA TUTILAYOTGAN O‘RNI YANGI MATERIALLAR VA FARMATSEVTIKA SOHALARIDAGI ISTIQBOLLAR
Abstract
Heterotsiklik birikmalar – uglerod atomlari bilan bir qatorda boshqa elementlar (geteroatomlar) o‘z ichiga olgan tsiklik tuzilmalar bo‘lib, organik kimyo, materialshunoslik va biologik faol moddalar dizaynining asosiy tayanchlaridan biridir. Ushbu maqolaning maqsadi 2015-2025 yillarda amalga oshirilgan ilmiy tadqiqotlar asosida geterotsiklik birikmalarning farmatsevtika, agrokimyo, organik elektronika, sensorika va materialshunoslik kabi zamonaviy texnologiyalardagi o‘rni va kelajakdagi strategik ahamiyatini tizimli tahli l qilishdan iborat. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, geterotsikllar yangi dori vositalari, aqlli materiallar va ilg‘or texnologik qurilmalar yaratishning eng istiqbolli yo‘nalishlaridan biri bo‘lib qolmoqda. Xususan, ularning keng strukturasiy xilma-xillik va noyob fizik-kimyoviy xossalari (masalan, yorug‘likni o‘zlashtirish, elektr o‘tkazuvchanlik, metallar bilan kompleks hosil qilish qobiliyati) ularni funktsional materiallar dizaynida noyob vositalarga aylantiradi. Biologik faollikka ega bo‘lgan geterotsiklik yadrolar (pirol, piridin, ftalosianin, triazol va boshqalar) sun’iy intellekt va kompyuter modellashtirish vositalari yordamida rivojlantirilayotgan yangi dorilarning asosiy qismini tashkil etadi. Shuningdek, makrogeterotsiklik birikmalar (kron efirlar, kavitandlar) yuqori tanlab chiqarishga ega sensorlar va dori tashish tizimlarini yaratishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Maqolada shuni ko‘rsatishga harakat qilindi: geterotsiklik birikmalar kelajakda ham fundamental va amaliy ilmlarning rivojlanishida muhim turg‘un yo‘nalish bo‘lib qoladi, chunki ular tabiatda mavjud bo‘lgan murakkab muammolarga samarali va ixcham yechimlarni taklif qilish imkoniyatiga ega. Ushbu sharhli maqola zamonaviy adabiyotlarni umumlashtiradi, asosiy tendensiyalarni ajratib ko‘rsatadi va ushbu birikmalar sinfining rivojlanishi uchun istiqbolli yo‘nalishlarni belgilaydi.
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