MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDOCRINE CELL DIFFERON OF THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include chronic disorders such as Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD), are characterised by persistent inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and disruption of epithelial homeostasis. One of the lesser-explored aspects of IBD pathophysiology involves the endocrine (enteroendocrine) cell complement of the intestinal epithelium. These endocrine cells, dispersed among other epithelial lineages, play critical roles in gut motility, secretion, nutrient absorption, epithelial repair, and immunomodulation. In IBD, morpho-functional changes occur within the intestinal endocrine cell population: alterations in cell density, distribution, hormonal secretion profiles, and ultrastructural features have been documented. These changes appear to correlate with immune cell infiltration, epithelial barrier disruption, and mucosal healing responses. A deeper understanding of the morphologic (cellular localisation, ultrastructure, granule content) and functional (hormone output, receptor interactions, autocrine/paracrine signalling) characteristics of the endocrine cell differon in IBD may open new avenues for diagnostics and therapeutic modulation. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on endocrine cell alterations in the intestinal epithelium in IBD, integrating histological observations, immunohistochemical data, experimental animal model findings, and potential mechanistic links to mucosal immunity and barrier function. The goal is to emphasise the interplay between endocrine-epithelial-immune systems in the inflamed gut and to propose directions for future research in this niche domain.
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