HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PARODONTAL TISSUE ALTERATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS AND HYPERTROPHIC GINGIVITIS
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with systemic metabolic disturbances, impaired immune response, and microvascular dysfunction, which negatively affect parodontal tissues. In pediatric patients, diabetes contributes to the development of inflammatory and degenerative changes in gingival tissues, leading to increased susceptibility to parodontal diseases, including hypertrophic gingivitis. Histological evaluation allows identification of structural alterations at the cellular and tissue levels.
References
1. Preshaw PM, Alba AL, Herrera D, et al. Periodontitis and diabetes: a two-way relationship. Diabetologia. 2021;64(12):2623-2636. doi:10.1007/s00125-021-05579-9
2. Dicembrini I, Serni L, Monami M, Mannucci E. Type 1 diabetes and periodontal disease: review of the literature. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;186:109807. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109807
3. Lalla E, Papapanou PN. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases: an update. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(7):409-420. doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00495-6
4. Rapone B, Ferrara E, Corsalini M, et al. Periodontal microbiological and histopathological changes associated with diabetes mellitus. J Pers Med. 2021;11(9):870. doi:10.3390/jpm11090870
5. Nazir MA, AlGhamdi L, AlKadi M, et al. The burden of diabetes, its oral complications and their prevention and management. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022;10(F):194-199. doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.8400
