Recent scientific discoveries and methodological research
The Proceedings of the scientific conference on multidisciplinary research are an electronic conference series. The materials of this conference publish the original research work presented by the conference participants.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MENTOR–APPRENTICE SYSTEM IN PEDAGOGICAL HERITAGE
The mentor–apprentice system represents a historically significant pedagogical model that has facilitated the transmission of knowledge, skills, and ethical values across generations. This study examines the theoretical foundations, historical evolution, and contemporary applications of mentorship in educational and professional contexts. By analyzing historical practices from ancient civilizations, medieval guilds, and Eastern and Islamic educational traditions, the study highlights the system’s role in skill mastery, moral formation, and professional socialization. Contemporary adaptations in medical education, scientific research, and the creative arts demonstrate the model’s ongoing relevance. The research emphasizes the pedagogical principles of experiential learning, personalized instruction, reflective practice, and ethical development, underscoring the mentor–apprentice system’s enduring contribution to holistic education and professional development.
Мятеж и бунт — весьма широко распространенный в истории вид политического процесса, в ходе которого применяются меры прину­дительного характера, вызывающие сопротивление со стороны про­тивостоящих социальных сил, что делает практически неизбежным значительную роль насилия в революционном процессе. Они всегда возникают из затяжного, глубокого социально-экономического и политического кризиса, на его пике, когда наступа­ет хаос1. Сторонники такого вида социальных преобразований рассмат­ривают ее как необходимый выход из катастрофы, угрожающей об­ществу.
OPTIMIZATION METHODS IN INVERSE PROBLEMS – OPTIMIZATION APPROACHES FOR DETERMINING THE SOURCE FUNCTION
This paper explores optimization methods for solving inverse problems, specifically focusing on determining unknown source functions in parabolic partial differential equations. The study discusses problem formulation, regularization techniques, numerical optimization algorithms, parameterization strategies, and uncertainty quantification. Applications in heat conduction, geophysics, medical imaging, and environmental monitoring are examined. Emerging hybrid approaches combining classical optimization and machine learning are also highlighted. The methods presented ensure stable and physically meaningful reconstruction of sources in ill-posed problems.
A MODEL FOR DEVELOPING LEARNERS’ CREATIVE THINKING BASED ON THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICT)
The rapid development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has transformed educational practices, emphasizing the cultivation of learners’ creative thinking. This study proposes a model for developing students’ creativity through the effective integration of ICT tools, learner-centered pedagogical strategies, and authentic problem-based tasks. The model emphasizes inquiry-based learning, collaborative activities, digital content creation, and reflective practices to enhance originality, flexibility, and metacognitive awareness. Furthermore, it highlights the critical roles of teachers, institutional support, and ethical digital practices in fostering sustainable creativity. The model serves as a practical framework for educational institutions aiming to develop transferable creative competencies essential for lifelong learning, innovation, and adaptability in contemporary knowledge societies.
THE ROLE OF FOLK GAMES IN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
This study examines the role of folk games in the psychological adaptation of preschool children within educational settings. Psychological adaptation in early childhood is a complex process that includes emotional regulation, social interaction, behavioral adjustment, and cognitive development. The research highlights that folk games, as culturally rooted and socially structured forms of play, provide favorable conditions for supporting children’s adaptation to preschool environments. Through collective participation, emotional expressiveness, and rule-based interaction, folk games contribute to reducing anxiety, enhancing emotional stability, and developing social competence among preschool children. The findings indicate that systematic integration of folk games into preschool educational practices promotes psychological well-being, strengthens adaptive behavior, and supports the holistic development of children during a critical stage of personality formation.
IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS THROUGH THE “DUAL EDUCATION” SYSTEM: ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE OF WESTERN COUNTRIES
This thesis analyzes the essence of the dual education system and its role in improving the professional training of future teachers, based on the experience of Western countries (in particular, Germany and Austria). Issues of developing pedagogical competence through the integration of theory and practice are highlighted.
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS IN IMPLEMENTING INTERACTIVE EDUCATIONAL PLATFORMS IN TEACHING PROGRAMMING IN HIGHER EDUCATION.
This article analyzes the pressing problems associated with the implementation of interactive educational platforms in the process of teaching programming disciplines in higher education institutions, as well as the ways to overcome them. The rapid development of modern information technologies necessitates the widespread use of digital and interactive tools in the educational process. During the study, key challenges were identified, including insufficient digital competence of instructors, underdeveloped technical infrastructure, students’ low readiness for independent learning, and the lack of full methodological integration of interactive platforms into the teaching process. As solutions to these problems, the article proposes retraining and professional development of instructors, adapting interactive platforms to the content of academic disciplines, organizing practical classes in virtual environments, and strengthening the competency-based approach in education. The research findings contribute to improving the effectiveness of teaching programming disciplines and enhancing students’ knowledge and skills in higher education.
AHMAD DONISH’S IDEOLOGICAL AND AESTHETIC VIEWS ON EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING
This study explores the ideological and aesthetic views of Ahmad Donish regarding education and upbringing. Donish’s philosophy emphasizes the holistic development of the individual, integrating moral, intellectual, and aesthetic dimensions. He highlights the role of ethical instruction, aesthetic appreciation, and practical engagement as essential components of education. Furthermore, Donish advocates for the preservation of cultural heritage while incorporating modern scientific knowledge, emphasizing the lifelong process of learning and civic responsibility. This research contributes to understanding the historical foundations of Central Asian pedagogical thought and offers insights relevant to contemporary educational theory.
INTERFAOL O‘QUV PLATFORMADA FOYDALANUVCHI AUTENTIFIKATSIYASI VA RBAC MEXANIZMINI JORIY ETISH
Ushbu tezisda interfaol o‘quv platformalarida foydalanuvchilarni autentifikatsiya qilish va rollarga asoslangan kirish nazorati (RBAC)ni joriy etishning texnik jihatlari IMRaD strukturasi asosida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Platforma arxitekturasi frontend, backend va ma’lumotlar bazasi qatlamlaridan iborat bo‘lib, ularda OpenID Connect, JWT (JSON Web Token) va RBAC modeli integratsiyalashgan. Frontend foydalanuvchining ro‘yxatdan o‘tishi, tizimga kirishi va roli kodlangan JWT tokenni qabul qilishini ta’minlaydi, backend esa parolni xeshlash, ikki bosqichli autentifikatsiya (2FA) va token generatsiyasi uchun mas’uldir. Ma’lumotlar bazasida Users, Roles, Permissions, User_Roles va Role_Permissions jadvallari orqali “Admin”, “Teacher”, “Student” va “Guest” rollari uchun vakolatlar formal tarzda boshqariladi. Taklif etilgan yechim “least privilege” tamoyilini ta’minlab, himoyalangan API endpointlar uchun ruxsatlarni tekshirish hamda audit imkoniyatlari orqali interfaol ta’lim platformalarida axborot xavfsizligi va boshqaruv samaradorligini oshiradi.
“QUTADG‘U BILIG” ASARIDA TILNING AXLOQIY KUCHI: KUNTUG‘DI VA OYTO‘LDI SUHBATLARIDA TIL ODOBI
Mazkur tezisda Yusuf Xos Hojibning “Qutadg‘u bilig” asarida til odobi va nutq madaniyatining badiiy-falsafiy talqini Oyto‘ldiva Kuntug‘di obrazlari misolida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda so‘zlash va sukut saqlash masalasi axloqiy va ijtimoiy mezon sifatida yoritiladi.
АНАЛИЗ КРЕДИТНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЛЕГКОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ УЗБЕКИСТАНА И ФАКТОРЫ, ПРЕПЯТСТВУЮЩИЕ ЕЁ РАЗВИТИЮ
В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с анализом проблем и перспектив кредитного обеспечения лёгкой промышленности Узбекистана. Рассматривается роль коммерческих банков в финансировании отрасли, изложены основные препятствия кредитования также предлагаются меры, направленные на совершенствование кредитной поддержки данной отрасли.
INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION QUALITY AND AUDIT EFFECTIVENESS IN A PROJECT-BASED ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
In project-based economic environments, the quality of accounting information and audit effectiveness represent key factors ensuring the stability of financial management and the soundness of investment decision-making. In such environments, the complex structure of projects, limitations in time and resources, as well as the large number of stakeholders significantly increase the demand for reliable financial information. At the same time, insufficient development of institutional factors may negatively affect the reliability of accounting information and the effectiveness of audit processes. The purpose of this study is to identify the key institutional factors influencing accounting information quality and audit effectiveness in a project-based economic environment and to empirically analyze their interrelationships. Within the framework of the research, particular attention is given to the regulatory and legal environment, organizational governance systems, internal control mechanisms, and the role of professional institutions. An empirical research approach integrating both quantitative and qualitative analysis methods was employed as the study’s methodology. The data were collected from the financial statements of project-oriented organizations, audit reports, and expert interviews conducted with industry professionals. The results of the statistical analysis indicate a significant positive relationship between the stability of the institutional environment and both accounting information quality and audit effectiveness. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the proposed comprehensive approach to evaluating accounting and auditing systems within the context of institutional factors in a project-based economic environment. The findings provide important theoretical and practical implications for improving financial management and audit practices.
DEVELOPING RISK MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS BASED ON DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN INTERNATIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT
This research investigates the enhancement of risk management mechanisms in international project management through the implementation of digital platforms. In the context of increasing globalization, international projects face complex, multi-layered risks, including financial, operational, technological, and geopolitical challenges. Traditional risk management approaches often fail to provide real-time monitoring and predictive capabilities, limiting the ability of project managers to respond effectively. Digital platforms, including cloud-based project management tools, advanced analytics, and integrated dashboards, offer a novel approach to identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks in complex international projects. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with project managers from multinational organizations and quantitative analysis of project performance data. The theoretical framework is grounded in internationally recognized standards, including ISO 31000, PMBOK, and PRINCE2, providing a structured basis for evaluating the effectiveness of digital risk management tools. The research also considers the integration of artificial intelligence for predictive risk assessment, although the focus remains on human-centered decision-making and platform-driven monitoring. Findings suggest that digital platforms significantly improve the accuracy and timeliness of risk identification, enable proactive mitigation strategies, and enhance communication among geographically dispersed project teams. Moreover, the adoption of standardized digital risk frameworks aligns project practices with international requirements, increasing transparency and accountability. The research highlights the critical role of digital competencies among project managers, as insufficient digital literacy can undermine the benefits of technological integration. This study contributes to the field of international project management by proposing an integrated model for digital risk management that combines platform capabilities with established standards. The outcomes offer practical recommendations for multinational organizations to optimize risk oversight, improve project resilience, and ensure sustainable project outcomes. Ultimately, this research provides a scientifically grounded framework for leveraging digital technologies to strengthen risk management in global project environments.
DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISMS FOR QUALITY CONTROL IN EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS
This study investigates the development of organizational and economic mechanisms for quality control in educational projects, emphasizing their essential role in enhancing project performance and resource efficiency. Modern educational projects are characterized by complex stakeholder networks, limited resources, and predefined objectives, which necessitate integrated institutional and economic approaches to quality management. The research identifies key challenges, including fragmented quality control processes, unclear responsibilities among institutional actors, and insufficient alignment of economic incentives with project outcomes. Using a systematic methodological framework, the study combines institutional analysis, comparative assessment, and expert evaluation to examine how organizational structures and economic tools can interact to improve accountability, transparency, and effectiveness in educational project management. The findings indicate that linking performance-based economic incentives with clearly defined institutional roles significantly strengthens the reliability of quality assessments and promotes the sustainable achievement of project objectives. The study concludes that developing a coherent framework of organizational and economic mechanisms is critical for fostering a results-oriented approach to quality control. Such a framework not only enhances governance structures but also supports efficient resource allocation and long-term project sustainability. The insights generated by this research provide practical guidance for policymakers, project managers, and educational institutions seeking to optimize both the economic and organizational dimensions of quality management in educational contexts.
YASHIL BUDJETLASHTIRISH VA UNI O'ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASIDDA JORIY ETISH ZARURATI VA RIVOJLANTIRISH YO'LLARI
Mazkur tezisda O‘zbekiston Respublikasida yashil iqtisodiyot va yashil byudjetlashtirishni joriy etishning naqadar dolzarbligi to‘g‘risida so‘z yuritilgan. Shuningdek, mamlakatning yashil byudjetlashtirishni ta’minlashda asosiy mexanizmlar, respublikada yuritilayotgan siyosiy va amaliy ishlar bo‘yicha prognozlar ko‘rsatilgan.
CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING COMMERCIAL BANK PRIVATIZATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
The privatization of commercial banks is a central component of financial sector reforms in transition economies. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, banking sector privatization has been actively promoted as part of broader economic liberalization and market-oriented reforms. This article analyzes the current state of the commercial bank privatization process in Uzbekistan, identifies key structural and institutional challenges, and proposes directions for its improvement. Using institutional and comparative analysis, the study argues that effective privatization requires enhanced corporate governance, improved transparency, pre-privatization financial restructuring, and the attraction of strategic investors. The findings contribute to the discussion on banking sector reforms in emerging economies.
STANDART PARVARISH ALGORITMLARIGA RIOYA QILINMASLIGINING SABABLARI: HAMSHIRALAR NUQTAI NAZARIDAN TAHLIL.
Zamonaviy sog‘liqni saqlash tizimida standart parvarish algoritmlari bemor xavfsizligini ta’minlash, davolash jarayonining uzluksizligini saqlash hamda tibbiy xatolarni kamaytirishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Shunga qaramay, klinik amaliyotda hamshiralar tomonidan ushbu algoritmlarga to‘liq rioya qilinmasligi holatlari tez-tez uchramoqda. Ushbu maqolada standart parvarish algoritmlariga rioya qilinmasligining asosiy sabablari hamshiralar nuqtai nazaridan chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari muammoning ko‘p omilli ekanligini ko‘rsatib, u tashkiliy, kasbiy, psixologik va moddiy-texnik omillar bilan chambarchas bog‘liqligini ochib beradi.
BEMOR QARINDOSHLARI BILAN ISHLASHDA HAMSHIRANING KOMMUNIKATIV STRATEGIYALARI VA STRESS DARAJASI.
Bemor qarindoshlari bilan samarali kommunikatsiya sog‘liqni saqlash tizimida hamshiralik parvarishining muhim komponenti hisoblanadi. Qarindoshlar bilan muloqot jarayonida yuzaga keladigan emotsional zo‘riqish, axborot yetishmasligi va nizoli vaziyatlar hamshiralar stress darajasining oshishiga sabab bo‘lishi mumkin. Ushbu maqolada bemor qarindoshlari bilan ishlashda hamshiralar tomonidan qo‘llaniladigan kommunikativ strategiyalar, ularning afzallik va kamchiliklari hamda stress darajasiga ta’siri keng tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari samarali kommunikatsiya hamshiralar stressini kamaytiruvchi muhim omil ekanligini ko‘rsatadi.
GIGIENA FANINING PROFILAKTIK TIBBIYOTDAGI O‘RNI.
Gigiena fani profilaktik tibbiyotning asosiy yo‘nalishlaridan biri bo‘lib, aholining sog‘lig‘ini saqlash va mustahkamlashda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Ushbu fan atrof-muhit omillarining inson salomatligiga ta’sirini o‘rganadi hamda kasalliklarning oldini olishga qaratilgan ilmiy asoslangan choralarni ishlab chiqadi. Mazkur maqolada gigiena fanining shakllanishi, uning profilaktik tibbiyotdagi o‘rni, asosiy vazifalari hamda sog‘liqni saqlash tizimidagi amaliy ahamiyati keng yoritilgan.
SAN’AT MUZEYLARIGA TASHRIF ORQALI O‘QUVCHILARNING IJODIY DUNYOQARASHINI SHAKLLANTIRISH IMKONIYATLARI
Mazkur maqolada umumta’lim maktablarida tasviriy san’at ta’limini tashkil etish jarayonida o‘quvchilarning ijodiy dunyoqarashini shakllantirish masalalari tahlil qilingan. San’at muzeylariga tashrifni ta’lim jarayoniga integratsiya qilish orqali o‘quvchilarning estetik idroki, tahliliy tafakkuri va shaxsiy ijodiy pozitsiyasini rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari yoritilgan. Xususan, O‘zbekiston Zamonaviy San’at Muzeyi ekspozitsiyalari misolida real san’at muhiti o‘quvchilarning ijodiy faolligini oshirishda muhim pedagogik omil ekanligi ko‘rsatib berilgan.
МНОГОЯЗЫЧИЕ КАК ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВО XXI ВЕКА: ПОЧЕМУ ЗНАНИЕ НЕСКОЛЬКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ ДЕЛАЕТ МИР БОЛЕЕ УСТОЙЧИВЫМ
В данной статье многоязычие рассматривается не как индивидуальный навык, а как важный социально-культурный ресурс, обеспечивающий устойчивое развитие общества в условиях XXI века. Авторы анализируют культурные, социальные, экономические и образовательные аспекты многоязычия, раскрывая его роль в формировании глобальной устойчивости на основе научного и аналитического подхода.
IMKONIYATI CHEKLANGAN BOLALARNI INKLUZIV TA'LIMGA JALB ETISHDA PSIXOLOGIK QO'LLAB-QUVVATLASHNING AHAMIYATI
Zamonaviy ta'lim tizimida inkluziv ta'limning rivojlanishi imkoniyati cheklangan bolalar (ICB) uchun teng huquqli ta'lim imkoniyatlarini yaratgan bo'lsa-da, ularning yangi muhitga moslashuvi jarayoni ko'p hollarda psixologik qiyinchiliklar bilan bog'liq. O'zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining "Ta'lim tizimini yanada takomillashtirish chora-tadbirlari to'g'risida"gi UP-6178-sonli qarorida "imkoniyati cheklangan bolalarni umumiy ta'lim muassasalariga jalb qilishda psixologik xizmatni kuchaytirish"ga alohida urg'u berilgan [1]. Biroq, amaliyotda maktablarning 62% i ICB uchun yetarli psixologik qo'llab-quvvatlash tizimiga ega emas, natijada ICBning 57% i inkluziv muhitda psixologik muammolarga duch keladi
ВЛИЯНИЕ СТАДИИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ПОЧЕК НА СТЕПЕНЬ ЖЁСТКОСТИ КОРОНАРНЫХ СОСУДОВ
хроническая болезнь почек; скорость клубочковой фильтрации; жёсткость сосудов; сосудистого ремоделирование; артериальная гипертензия; уремическая интоксикация
Аввало инклюзив таълим сўзининг маъноси ва тушунчаси ҳақида маълумот берадиган бўлсак. Инклюзив таълим – бу барча болалар, жумладан . ногиронлиги ёки махсус эҳтиёжлари бўлган тарбияланувчилар ҳамда ўқувчиларнинг жисмоний, ақлий ва ижтимоий имкониялларидан қатъий назар , тенг ҳуқуқлилик асосида умумий таълим ташкилотларида биргаликда таълим олишини таъминловчи тизимдир. Бу мослашувчан жараён бўлиб, таълимни болага мослаштириш орқали ижтимоий мослашувни кўзда тутади.
ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КОРОНАРНЫХ АРТЕРИЙ ПРИ ХБП В ДЕТСКОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ
хроническая болезнь почек; атеросклероз; утолщение интимы коронарных артерий; гипертрофия и фиброз медии; медийный кальциноз.
PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETING PROVERBS AND SAYINGS IN BILINGUAL LEARNER’S DICTIONARIES
Proverbs and sayings constitute a culturally marked layer of phraseology that poses serious challenges for bilingual lexicography. Due to their figurative meaning, pragmatic function, and national specificity, proverbs are often inadequately represented in bilingual learner’s dictionaries. This article analyzes the key problems of interpreting proverbs and sayings in bilingual educational lexicography, focusing on semantic non-equivalence, cultural untranslatability, pragmatic loss, and pedagogical constraints. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of phraseology, pragmatics, and translation studies, the paper argues that traditional lexicographic practices fail to ensure communicative and cultural equivalence. The study also refers to existing empirical research on dictionary use and proposes lexicographic strategies aimed at improving the interpretation of proverbs for foreign language learners.
MIKROTOPONIMLARDA MA’NO O‘ZGARISHI VA SEMANTIK KENGAYISH (DEHQONOBOD TUMANI MISOLIDA)
Maqolada Dehqonobod tumani hududi materiallari asosida mikrotoponimlarda semantik o‘zgarish va semantik kengayish jarayonlari tahlil qilinadi. Tabiiy-geografik obyektlar, insonning xo‘jalik faoliyati, tarixiy voqealar, antroponimlar hamda xalqona e’tiqodlar bilan bog‘liq mikrotoponimlar o‘rganiladi. Mikrotoponimik leksikaning shakllanishida metaforalashuv, metonimiyalashuv, funksional qayta talqin va baholovchi semantikaning tutgan o‘rni aniqlanadi. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, mikrotoponimlar xalqning tarixiy-madaniy tajribasi va hududiy til tafakkurining o‘ziga xos jihatlarini aks ettiruvchi dinamik til tizimi ekanligi asoslab beriladi.
MA’LUMOTLAR TUZILMASI VA ALGORITMLAR BO‘YICHA DINAMIK VEB SAYT YARATISH VA ISHLAB CHIQISH
Ushbu tezisda dasturlashning asosi bo‘lgan ma’lumotlar tuzilmasi va algoritmlarni o‘qitishda interaktiv metodlarning o‘rni hamda ushbu jarayonni vizuallashtiruvchi dinamik veb-platforma yaratish texnologiyalari tadqiq etiladi. Tezisda zamonaviy texnologik steklar (React.js, Node.js, D3.js) yordamida algoritmlarning ishlash jarayonini real vaqt rejimida animatsiya qilish, foydalanuvchi interaktivligini ta’minlash va o‘quv jarayonini optimallashtirish masalalari yoritilgan.
HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PARODONTAL TISSUE ALTERATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS AND HYPERTROPHIC GINGIVITIS
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with systemic metabolic disturbances, impaired immune response, and microvascular dysfunction, which negatively affect parodontal tissues. In pediatric patients, diabetes contributes to the development of inflammatory and degenerative changes in gingival tissues, leading to increased susceptibility to parodontal diseases, including hypertrophic gingivitis. Histological evaluation allows identification of structural alterations at the cellular and tissue levels.
«КОНЦЕПТЫ “ДУША” И “СЕРДЦЕ” В РУССКОЙ И УЗБЕКСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРНОЙ ТРАДИЦИИ»
В статье рассматриваются концепты «душа» и «сердце» в русской и узбекской литературной традиции в сопоставительном аспекте. Анализ направлен на выявление семантического и культурного содержания данных концептов, а также особенностей их художественного функционирования в литературных текстах. Показано, что концепты «душа» и «сердце» являются значимыми элементами национальной языковой картины мира и отражают духовно-нравственные ценности, эмоциональные переживания и ментальные особенности народов. Установлено, что в русской литературной традиции концепт «душа» преимущественно связан с духовностью, внутренним конфликтом и нравственным выбором, тогда как в узбекской литературе центральное место занимает концепт «сердце», объединяющий эмоциональные, этические и социальные характеристики личности. Результаты исследования подтверждают наличие как универсальных, так и национально-специфических черт в осмыслении данных концептов.
ЭКСПРЕССИВНОСТЬ В СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИИ: ОЦЕНОЧНЫЕ СУФФИКСЫ И ИХ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ РОЛЬ
В данной работе рассматривается экспрессивность как важная категория словообразования русского языка. Основное внимание уделяется оценочным суффиксам как одному из наиболее продуктивных средств выражения субъективной оценки и эмоционально-оценочного отношения говорящего к действительности. Анализируется семантическая и функциональная специфика оценочных суффиксов, их роль в формировании экспрессивной лексики, а также особенности их функционирования в различных стилях речи. Показано, что оценочные суффиксы выполняют не только номинативную, но и прагматическую функцию, усиливая выразительность высказывания и воздействие на адресата. Делается вывод о значимости экспрессивного словообразования в отражении языковой картины мира и коммуникативных намерений личности.
KO‘P TILLI TA’LIM MUHITIDA O‘QUVCHILARNING O‘QISHGA IJOBIY MUNOSABATINI RIVOJLANTIRISH STRATEGIYALARI
Ushbu ish ko‘p tilli ta’lim muhitida o‘quvchilarning o‘qishga ijobiy munosabatini rivojlantirish strategiyalarini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotda shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan yondashuv, ichki motivatsiya, muvaffaqiyatni his qilish, madaniyatlararo kompetensiya va psixologik xavfsizlikning ahamiyati tahlil qilindi. Shuningdek, faol o‘quv uslublari, kontekstual til o‘rgatish, rag‘batlantiruvchi baholash va mustaqil o‘rganish imkoniyatlarining o‘quvchilarning o‘qishga bo‘lgan ijobiy munosabatini shakllantirishdagi roli ko‘rsatildi. Tadqiqot natijalari ko‘p tilli ta’lim samaradorligini oshirish va o‘quvchilarda ijobiy o‘qish munosabatini mustahkamlashga hissa qo‘shadi.
AN APPROACH TO ASSESSING SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH DIGITAL DIAGNOSTICS
This study explores the use of digital diagnostics for assessing students’ social-emotional development. Social-emotional skills, including self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, relationship-building, and responsible decision-making, are crucial for learners’ overall development and academic success. Traditional assessment methods often fail to capture the dynamic nature of these competencies. Digital tools, including AI-driven platforms, gamified simulations, and wearable sensors, offer real-time and data-driven insights into students’ emotional and social behaviors. The integration of these tools allows educators to provide personalized support, monitor progress longitudinally, and implement targeted interventions. Despite technological advantages, challenges such as data privacy, ethical concerns, and access disparities must be addressed. This research highlights the transformative potential of digital diagnostics in promoting holistic student development and enhancing the effectiveness of social-emotional learning.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF VALUES IN OLD AGE
This study explores the theoretical and practical aspects of the psychology of values in old age. Values serve as guiding principles that shape behavior, motivation, and overall well-being. In older adulthood, value priorities often shift towards emotional regulation, meaningful relationships, generativity, spiritual engagement, and legacy. The alignment of daily activities, social interactions, health behaviors, and leisure pursuits with these values significantly enhances life satisfaction and psychological resilience. Understanding and supporting value expression in older adults is essential for caregivers, families, and institutions to promote dignity, autonomy, and a meaningful life. Practical implications include interventions focused on value clarification, engagement in meaningful activities, and fostering intergenerational connections.
PIRENEY YARIM OROLIDAGI REKONKISTA JARAYONINING MINTAQA XALQLARI HAYOTIGA TAʼSIRI
Mazkur maqolada Pireney yarim orolida VIII–XV asrlar davomida kechgan Rekonkista jarayonining mintaqa xalqlari hayotiga ko‘rsatgan siyosiy, ijtimoiy, diniy, iqtisodiy va madaniy ta’siri keng qamrovda tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida Rekonkistaning bosqichlari, xristian davlatlarining shakllanishi, aholi tarkibidagi o‘zgarishlar hamda diniy bag‘rikenglikning susayish sabablari yoritiladi. Shuningdek, musulmon va yahudiy jamoalarning ijtimoiy-huquqiy holati, migratsiya jarayonlari, madaniy merosning saqlanishi va yo‘qolishi masalalari ilmiy yondashuv asosida baholanadi.
УРОВНИ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО ПРОГРЕССИРОВАНИЯ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПАРОДОНТИТОМ.
Для хронического пародонтита характерно наличие десневых карманов с изъязвлением эпителия, выстилающегокарманы, образование плотного инфильтрата из лимфоцитов, плазматических клеток, макрофагов и вариабельного количества нейтрофилов. Одновременно наблюдается уменьшение количества коллагена при явлениях фиброза, разрушение нормальной структуры соединительной ткани, прилежащей к корню зуба, а также остеокластическое рассасывание и деструкция альвеолярной кости и корня зуба с циклическим или беспорядочным течением процесса.
КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ПОЛОСТИ РТА ПРИ ПОЛНЫМ ОТСУТСТВИЕМ ЗУБОВ.
Восстановление функции жевания разнообразными видами протезов при частичной потере зубов остается важной задачей ортопедической стоматологии. Наличие дефектов в зубной дуге ведет к нарушению целостности зубного ряда и появлению морфофункциональных изменений в зубочелюстной системе, возникающих сначала вблизи дефекта, а затем распространяющихся на весь зубной ряд. Это приводит к вертикальному перемещению и наклону зубов, ограничивающих дефект, лишенных антагонистов, а также к перегрузке оставшихся зубов, нарушению окклюзии, изменениям в нижнечелюстном суставе.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГИПОПЛАЗИИ ЭМАЛИ, ВЫЗВАННОЙ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЕМ ТВЕРДЫХ ТКАНЕЙ ЗУБА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ СТОМАТОЛОГИИ.
Гипоплазией эмали зубов считается некариозное стоматологическое нарушение, которое развивается у новорожденных детей еще до момента прорезывания зубов. Патология может затрагивать дентин и пульпу, то есть нервно-сосудистый пучок в полости зуба. Гипоплазия постоянных зубов возникает в конце внутриутробного периода — на режущем крае центральных резцов и бугров первых моляров. Остальные поражаются вследствие неполноценного питания и болезней, перенесенных ребенком в первые годы жизни.
МОДУЛЯЦИЯ МИТОХОНДРИАЛЬНОЙ МЕГАПОРЫ ПОЛИФЕНОЛАМИ ЭГКГ
В последние годы растет интерес к митохондриальной мегапоре, расположенной во внутренней мембране митохондрий, которая участвует в регуляции Са²⁺-гомеостаза матрикса и активации апоптозных процессов. В физиологических условиях мегапора находится в низкоамплитудном открытом состоянии, однако под воздействием оксидативного стресса и Са²⁺ ионов она переходит в высокоамплитудное открытое состояние (1, 2). Са²⁺ ионы играют ключевую роль в поддержании клеточного гомеостаза (3), так как переход мегапоры в высокоамплитудное состояние приводит к нарушению функции митохондрий, повреждению наружной мембраны и высвобождению из межмембранного пространства цитохрома c, прокаспаз и других проапоптозных факторов в цитозоль (4). Этот процесс ингибируется циклоспорином A, поэтому мегапора также определяется как CsA-чувствительная (5) и выполняет важные функции в различных физиологических и патологических процессах (6, 7). В связи с этим в нашем исследовании изучено влияние эпигаллокатексингаллата (ЭГКГ), полифенола, выделенного из E. franchetii, на CsA-чувствительную митохондриальную мегапору, выделенную из печени крыс.
МИКРОБНО-ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ УТРАТЫ ПЕРИМПЛАНТНОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ
Рост распространённости дентальной имплантации сопровождается увеличением частоты воспалительных осложнений, в частности периимплантного мукозита и периимплантита. По данным современных эпидемиологических исследований, периимплантный мукозит выявляется у 40–50% пациентов с имплантатами, тогда как периимплантит диагностируется в среднем у 15–25% пациентов и у 10–20% функционирующих имплантатов [1,2]. В этой связи особую актуальность приобретает концепция перимплантного здоровья как ключевого условия долгосрочной стабильности имплантатов. Перимплантное здоровье характеризуется отсутствием клинических признаков воспаления, кровоточивости при зондировании и прогрессирующей потери маргинальной костной ткани после завершения физиологического ремоделирования [3]. Нарушение микробного равновесия и активация воспалительного ответа лежат в основе трансформации мукозита в периимплантит. Поддержание перимплантного здоровья посредством регулярного мониторинга и контроля факторов риска является основой профилактики воспалительных осложнений и повышения эффективности имплантологического лечения.
ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИЧИНЫ ПРОБЛЕМ С РЕЧЬЮ У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА
Дошкольный возраст характеризуется активным развитием речи, которая является ключевым фактором когнитивного, социального и эмоционального развития. Проблемы с речью у детей могут быть связаны с множеством психологических, физиологических и социальных факторов. В данном тезисе рассматриваются психологические причины нарушений речи у дошкольников, включая когнитивные, эмоциональные и социальные аспекты. Приводятся мнения ведущих ученых, результаты эмпирических исследований и рекомендации для психолого-педагогической работы с детьми.
G‘IJJAK CHOLG‘USINING O‘ZBEK MUMTOZ MUSIQASIDAGI O‘RNI VA AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqolada g‘ijjak cholg‘usining o‘zbek mumtoz musiqasidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. G‘ijjak, o‘zining o‘zgacha ovozi, texnikasi va musiqiy ifoda imkoniyatlari bilan o‘zbek mumtoz musiqasida muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Ushbu maqolada g‘ijjak cholg‘usining tarixiy kelib chiqishi, uning o‘zbek musiqasidagi roli va musiqiy ijrodagi ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, g‘ijjakning o‘zbek mumtoz musiqa asarlarini ijro etishdagi o‘rni, ijrochilik texnikasi va musiqiy ifodasi tahlil qilinadi. G‘ijjakning o‘zbek musiqasidagi o‘rni nafaqat uning tarixiy ahamiyatida, balki zamonaviy musiqadagi integratsiyasi va rivojlanishida ham katta ahamiyatga ega.
Mazkur maqolada fitnes mashg‘ulotlari va sog‘lom turmush tarzining ahamiyati turli mamlakatlar tajribasi asosida qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Zamonaviy jamiyatda jismoniy faollikni oshirish, sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirish va aholining jismoniy salomatligini mustahkamlash muhim ijtimoiy masalalardan biri hisoblanadi. Ayniqsa, fitnes mashg‘ulotlari inson organizmining funksional imkoniyatlarini rivojlantirish, kasalliklarning oldini olish va hayot sifatini yaxshilashda samarali vosita sifatida e’tirof etilmoqda. Tadqiqot jarayonida O‘zbekiston, AQSh, Turkiya va Yevropa mamlakatlarida fitnes madaniyatining rivojlanish darajasi, sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirishga qaratilgan yondashuvlar hamda aholining jismoniy faolligi ilmiy manbalar asosida qiyosiy tahlil qilindi. Olingan natijalar fitnesning sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirishdagi o‘rni va turli mamlakatlar tajribasidan samarali foydalanish imkoniyatlarini ko‘rsatdi.